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Professor Kulpa’s research interests focus on digital signal processing, particularly radar signal processing. He specialises in tracking manoeuvring targets in radar systems, detecting small objects via ground-based and airborne radars by ground-based and airborne radars, as well as in passive and noise radar technologies. His research results have found practical application in the radar industry, including the first Polish SAR radar and the SPL passive radar. With over 590 publications—including 100+ on passive radar—he is a leading authority in the field.

Prof. Kulpa has received numerous honours, such as: the Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta, the Gold Cross of Merit, and the Gold Medal "For Meritorious Service to National Defence". He has received the NATO SET Panel Excellence Award four times and – as the first Polish scientist – was awarded the von Kármán Medal, NATO’s highest scientific distinction.

He is Chair of the Microwave and Radar Section of the Committee on Electronics and Telecommunications of the Polish Academy of Sciences. From 2002 to 2005, he served as Chair of the Polish Chapter of the IEEE Signal Processing Society. Since 1999, he has collaborated with the NATO Science and Technology Organization. In 2005, he was Co-Director of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, and from 2017 to 2023, he served as Director of the NATO Lecture Series on Passive Radar Technology. He currently serves as Member at Large of the SET Panel of the NATO STO.