The study aimed to develop a standardized methodology for conducting reliable analyses of the technical condition of heritage buildings, supported by elements of machine learning and statistical inference. The research focused on the resources of the Zagłębie Museum in Będzin, including the Mieroszewski Palace, the castle, underground passages, and the ‘Mizrachi’ synagogue.

Various measurement methods were used in the project, including levelling, angle-distance networks, terrestrial laser scanning, and UAV surveys with a photogrammetric camera. The data acquired and subsequently processed—such as point clouds and photogrammetric imagery—were analyzed using modern software and dedicated solutions developed specifically for this project.

The project also aimed to test various measurement methods (geodetic, geotechnical, and structural-engineering) and to develop a consistent methodology for integrating multi-source data. Additionally, continuous monitoring of geometric changes in the structures was implemented, contributing to the development of a knowledge base on the technical condition of these valuable monuments. As a result, a comprehensive risk management system for historic structures will be created, accounting for their diverse construction and purposes.

The project was led by Krzysztof Karsznia, PhD, who was responsible for classical measurement methods, and by Ewa Świerczyńska, PhD, who conducted research on modern photogrammetric methods and laser scanning. Both are staff members of the Division of Engineering Geodesy and Measurement Systems at the Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography, Warsaw University of Technology. A total of PLN 47,000 was allocated to the projects from the Scientific Council grants in the discipline of Civil Engineering, Geodesy, and Transport. The first task was implemented in 2022–2023, and the second in 2023–2024.

– One of the greatest challenges during the project was conducting complex measurement campaigns in various facilities, which required exceptional precision and specific skills – says Krzysztof Karsznia, PhD, one of the project leaders. – Another important aspect of the project was managing the work of the international research team and cooperating with cultural institutions and heritage conservators.

The involvement of multidisciplinary research groups in Big Science experiments is also of great importance for the development of the Centre. The work of our researchers and engineers at leading laboratories such as CERN, Brookhaven National Laboratory, and FAIR/GSI provides not only opportunities for scientific and research development, but also contributes to the international recognition of Polish science.

In addition to the task leaders, other researchers from the Warsaw University of Technology also participated in the project, including Krzysztof Książek, MSc,  Waldemar Odziemczyk, PhD, and Sławomir Łapiński, PhD. They developed the concept of the research networks, carried out geodetic, geotechnical, and structural measurements, and conducted spatial analyses. Collaboration was also established with international partners from the University of Sannio in Benevento, Italy, and Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology.

The research results will provide benefits in the form of new scientific publications and monographs, as well as practical applications in the protection of national heritage. Thanks to the conducted studies, it was possible to secure funding for renovation works of the structures at the Zagłębie Museum. The project also enhanced the comprehensive risk management programme by integrating data from various sources, including geodetic, geotechnical, and structural documentation.

Although the formal conclusion of the projects took place in 2024, the research work will continue with the support of the Zagłębie Museum in Będzin and other institutions.

The team conducting measurements at the Zagłębie Museum in Będzin